After the recent news of 2009 H1N1 infection in an Iowa cat and ferrets in Nebraska and Oregon (see H1N1 found in a feline and ferrets), another feline has tested positive for H1N1 infection. A thirteen year old DSH (Domestic Short Haired) Utah cat is the most recent report of 2009 H1N1 infection in species other than birds, humans, and pigs. As with the Iowa cat, a family member living with the Utah cat showed flu-like clinical signs and was likely the source of infection for the cat. 2009 H1N1 infection has not been confirmed in any family member sharing the cat’s household. Additionally, the cat with whom the H1N1 infected Utah cat has not shown any clinical signs of illness.
The Utah cat’s geriatric immune system may factor into the likelihood of zoonotic transfer of H1N1 from human to feline. Zoonotic organisms, like 2009 H1N1 are capable of infecting members of different species. Senior cats are often less able fight off infection as readily as their more juvenile counterparts. Illness often seen in adult and elderly cats, such as periodontal disease, can contribute to immune system deficiency and leave the body more susceptible to infectious disease. Additionally, the immune system’s competence in combating invading organisms can be compromised by preexisting infection (Feline Herpesvirus Type 1, Feline Leukemia, FIV, etc), cancer or other ailments.
As with the Iowa cat, the Utah cat presented a veterinarian displaying respiratory tract clinical signs and an overall appearance of illness. Fortunately, both cats have recovered from their illness.
At this time, there have been no reported 2009 H1N1 infections in dogs, yet multiple viral (and bacterial) agents can cause flu like symptoms in your pooch. Viruses include Canine Distemper, Influenza, and Parainfluenza. In 2004, Canine Influenza was first isolated from racing greyhounds in Florida and has subsequently been reported in virtually every state. The Canine Influenza virus is genetically related to Equine Influenza, therefore it is speculated that the virus jumped species from horses to dogs. Recently, the USDA approved a Canine Influenza vaccination, which reduces the severity of clinical signs and shortens the virus’ shedding interval.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports the genetic makeup of the 2009 H1N1 virus includes portions of the North American avian (bird) and swine influenza viruses, and human and swine influenza viruses originating in both Asia and Europe.
What can you do as a pet owner to deter infectious disease transmission among people and pets? Perceive human illness from the perspective that your pet may be at risk for infection with your illness. Practice good sanitary habits by frequently washing your hands and covering your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing. Additionally, avoid close contact with pets (and people) when you are sick.
If your pet manifests symptoms of illness that concern you, please schedule an examination with your veterinarian, however, every cough or sneeze your cat or dog exhibits should not cause you to break out your biohazard suit.
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AVMA Public Health 2009 N1N1 Flu Virus Outbreak
DVM News Article- Utah Cat tests positive for H1N1 flu
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