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Varietal- Wine named after the principle grape variety from which it is made. In the United States, after 1982, the named grape variety must constitute at least 75% of the wine's volume, while in Europe the proportion is usually 100%.
Phylloxera- The bug--an aphid--that attacks grape vine roots. Most European varieties are susceptible and the only known 'cure' is to graft these roots to resistant American root-stocks.
Negociant- (French) A wine merchant or shipper who buys wine in bulk from different sources and prepares it to sell, by treating, sometimes blending, maturing and finally bottling the wine.
Vitis Vinifera- The species of grape from which California and European grapes are made. As most European vinifera vines are susceptible to phylloxera (see above) the vines are grafted to the resistant American root-stocks.
Must- Unfermented crushed grapes; or unfermented grape juice.


