The great state of Massachusetts this year, with a notable lack of fanfare, decriminalized the posession of small amounts of marijuana. Cannabis has been in the news quite a bit lately as more and more states have initiatives to legalize the bud. During February, National Marijuana Awareness Month (is anyone not aware of marijuana?), we at Examiner are examining what's going on with weed.
For me it's nutrition. So what is all the medical spleef floating around actually doing nutritionally for those who use it?
"The evidence is overwhelming that marijuana can relieve certain types of pain, nausea, vomiting and other symptoms caused by such illnesses as multiple sclerosis, cancer and AIDS -- or by the harsh drugs sometimes used to treat them. And it can do so with remarkable safety. Indeed, marijuana is less toxic than many of the drugs that physicians prescribe every day." Mar. 26, 2004 - Joycelyn Elders, MD
2001 study at SUNY Buffalo suggested that pot smokers consumed more calories but did not have increased BMI or obesity rates. I wonder if that's the cancer (and other wasting diseases for which weed is used) factor. I couldn't find that information for this study, but it would certainly make the numbers make sense.
Since the medical marijuana issue has been launched, there has been a slew of research on its benefits, and comparisons to other anti-nausea and pain management strategies. I haven't had a client or a friend who uses medical marijuana but, if I believe (even some of) what I read, it's only a matter of time.
Marijuana has an illicit past, so its rehabilitation has gotten a little dicey. I'm sure medical marijuana helps a lot of people. But there's another side to legalizing pot or at least the transition to legalization and I saw some of that on a segment of the MSNBC show Marijuana Inc this week. They're going to do a whole series. Who knew there was so much action around the pot industry?! I bet there isn't, actually. Anyway, at least in the short term as states transition to legalizing the drug, there is and will be some problems in communities that grow and sell a lot of weed. And MSNBC, in their "Behind bars" programming vein will be there to catch every ounce of drama.
"Although I understand many believe marijuana is the most effective drug in combating their medical ailments, I would caution against this assumption due to the lack of consistent, repeatable scientific data available to prove marijuana's medical benefits.
Based on current evidence, I believe that marijuana is a dangerous drug and that there are less dangerous medicines offering the same relief from pain and other medical symptoms." Oct. 20, 2003 - Bill Frist, MD
This debate has the feel of the hippies vs the Man (ie the conservative status quo). I think there may be quite a bit of intergenerational, political angst wrapped up in something that probably does help some very sick folks, though the tide is flowing their way if they want to light up. I'm in favor of all medicinal herbs used wisely. Just keep those wasted love ones safe.
Comments
How many mistakes can you make in one short article?
If this piece is any guide, <i>a lot</i>.
Massachusetts did NOT pass a medical marijuana bill. Massachusetts passed a bill for <i>decriminalization<i> of under one ounce of pot. Whether you're using it medicinally, for stress relief, or for having a good time, responsible adult marijuana use is now a citation offense, rather than a crime, in Massachusetts.
In other words, it's more like getting a speeding ticket than being charged with murder.
Marijuana does help people with AIDS, Cancer, and glaucoma deal with the effects of wasting, nausea from chemotherapy, and degenerating vision.
It's also a pleasant relaxation device for after work.
Prosecuting responsible adult marijuana users is the biggest waste of government resources imaginable.
Excellent article.
Marijuana legalization (at least decriminalization) is the right move. Too long has America had to put up with the illegal-ness of a relatively safe plant. I mean, there are rehab centers for people addicted to shopping but the harmful affects of a shopping spree (wasting money, obsessions with finding low deals) aren't even announced.
Here's to you Phelps.
I've edited the first line of this piece to more accurately describe the decriminalization of pot in MA.
Thanks you 2.
A few points regarding Hemp/Cannabis (a little on the nutritional value of the male hemp plant seed and a little on the medical value of the female Cannabis plant):
1. First, regarding Cannabis's/Hemp's nutritional value, I am shocked you glossed right over the nutritional content of Hempseed and Hempseed Oil, which come from non-drug varieties of Hemp that contain no significant amounts of THC/psycho-activity.
Hempseed products -- like hemp butter, hemp oil, hemp milk, and hemp shelled seeds, which taste like a nut -- are perfectly legal and sold in most health food stores in the U.S.(and you can't get "high" from them!). So, consumers should be aware of their options and the nutritional value of their options.
According to "Hempseed as a nutritional resource: an overview" (Callaway JC (2004):
About 30–35% of the weight of hempseed is an edible oil that contains about 80% as essential fatty acids (EFAs); i.e., linoleic acid, omega-6 (LA, 55%), alpha-linolenic acid, omega-3 (ALA, 22%), in addition to gamma-linolenic acid, omega-6 (GLA, 1–4%) and stearidonic acid, omega-3 (SDA, 0–2%). Hempseed also contains about 20% of a highly-digestible protein, where 1/3 is edestin and 2/3 are albumins.
Its amino acid profile is close to "complete" when compared to more common sources of proteins such as meat, milk, eggs and soy.
The proportions of linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid in one tablespoon per day (15 ml)of hempseed oil easily provides human daily requirements for EFAs.
With the mercury issues and fish, hemp seed products are a great way to get one's daily fix of EFAs. We'll definitely be hearing a lot more about hemp seed's nutritional value, as people become less fearful and less brainwashed about Cannabis/Hemp (both the male and female plant).
Here's another resource with more in-depth info on the nutritional value of hempseed: "Effects of hempseed and flaxseed oils on the profile of serum lipids, serum total and lipoprotein lipid concentrations and haemostatic," European Journal of Nutrition 45(8):470-7. (Schwab U, Callaway J, Erkkilä A, Gynther J, Uusitupa M, Järvinen T (2006).
2. Now, onto to the medical stuff, Cannabis has been used medicinally for thousands of years -- by MILLIONS -- of people, without a credible account of a single death from toxicity, which is mind-boggling, considering FDA-approved options kill thousands (maybe tens of thousands) of people each year -- even when they are properly prescribed and properly taken. (JAMA - Incidence of Adverse Drug Reactions in Hospitalized Patients - A Meta-analysis of Prospective Studies. Jason Lazarou, MSc; Bruce H. Pomeranz, MD, PhD; Paul N. Corey, PhD; JAMA.1998; 279:1200-1205.)
2. In the U.S., Cannabis products, especially tinctures manufactured by Big Pharma like Merck, were widely and safely prescribed for a wide array of symptoms from the mid-1800's until 1937, when the Marihuana Tax Act hoodwinked Congress, despite strong objections from the American Medical Association.
Cannabis formally entered the U.S. Pharmacopoeia in 1846 and remained there for almost one-hundred years, until "reefer madness" (mostly due to fear of Mexicans flooding into the Southwest with their marijuana) led to Cannabis's illegitimate removal from the U.S. Pharmacopoeia in 1942. Up until then, Cannabis had been one of the leading ingredients in U.S. medicines for decades (behind opiates and alcohol). During the height of its popularity as a medicine (the last half of the 1800s), there were over a hundred medical papers written on Cannabis's medical value.
3. To help establish Cannabis's several thousand-year medical record, please google the following: "History of Cannabis as a Medicine by Lester Grinspoon M.D.", which is a fantastic summary by Associate Professor Emeritus of Psychiatry at Harvard Medical School.
A little bit on the author:
Dr Grinspoon served for 40 years as Senior Psychiatrist at the Massachusetts Mental Health Center in Boston. A Fellow of both the American Association for the Advancement of Science and the American Psychiatric Association, he was the founding editor of both the "Annual Review of Psychiatry" and the "Harvard Mental Health Letter."
He is the author or coauthor of over 160 journal articles or chapters and 12 books. His first book, "Marihuana Reconsidered," originally published in 1971 by Harvard University Press, was recently republished as a classic. His latest book, "Marihuana, the Forbidden Medicine," co- authored with James B. Bakalar, was published by Yale University Press in 1993 (revised and expanded edition, 1997) and has now been translated into ten languages.
4. And here's a small list of credible health organizations -- not Hippies -- that support access to Medical Cannabis (let's bury the "no-to-little medical support for medical cannabis myth". I have the position statements or supportive comments from these groups, if anybody would like to know more. I'd love to post all their formal position statements or supportive comments, but that might be a bit much:
American Academy of Family Physicians, American College of Physicians, American Medical Student Association, American Nurses Association, American Preventive Medical Association, American Public Health Association, American Society of Addiction Medicine, Arthritis Research Campaign (United Kingdom), Australian Medical Association (New South Wales), Limited Australian National Task Force on Cannabis, Belgian Ministry of Health, British House of Lords Select Committee on Science and Technology, British House of Lords Select Committee On Science and Technology (First & Second Report), British Medical Association, Canadian AIDS Society, Canadian Special Senate Committee on Illegal Drugs, Dr. Dean Edell (surgeon and nationally syndicated radio host), Health Canada, Kaiser Permanente, Leukemia and Lymphoma Society, Lymphoma Foundation of America, The Montel Williams MS Foundation, Multiple Sclerosis Society (Canada), The Multiple Sclerosis Society (United Kingdom), National Association for Public Health Policy, National Nurses Society on Addictions, Netherlands Ministry of Health, New South Wales (Australia), New England Journal of Medicine, AIDS Action Council, AIDS Treatment News, Parliamentary Working Party on the Use of Cannabis for Medical Purposes, Dr. Andrew Weil, Alaska Nurses Association, Being Alive: People With HIV/AIDS Action Committee (San Diego, CA), California Academy of Family Physicians, California Nurses Association, California Pharmacists, Colorado Nurses Association, Connecticut Nurses Association, Florida Governor's Red Ribbon Panel on AIDS, Florida Medical Association, Hawaii Nurses Association, Illinois Nurses Association, Life Extension Foundation, Medical Society of the State of New York, the Minnesota AIDS Council, Mississippi Nurses Association, New Jersey State Nurses Association, New Mexico Medical Society, New Mexico Nurses Association, New York County Medical Society, New York State Nurses Association, North Carolina Nurses Association, Rhode Island Medical Society, Rhode Island State Nurses Association, San Francisco Mayor's Summit on AIDS and HIV, San Francisco Medical Society, Vermont Medical Marijuana Study Committee, Virginia Nurses Association, Whitman-Walker Clinic (Washington, DC), Wisconsin Nurses Association, etc...
And that's just a tiny fraction of the support for Medical Cannabis, which is legal -- in its whole-plant natural form -- in several countries and nearly a quarter of the states in the U.S.
And I'll close with some words of wisdom from one of my favorite hippies:
"The anti-marijuana campaign is a cancerous tissue of lies, undermining law enforcement, aggravating the drug problem, DEPRIVING THE SICK OF NEEDED HELP, AND SUCKERING WELL-INTENTIONED CONSERVATIVES AND COUNTLESS PARENTS[caps added]...
-- William F. Buckley, Commentary in The National Review, April 29, 1983, p. 495
EndtheLies.
"Nutritional Properties of Hemp hold value-added potential" (great article on some relevant, credible Canadian research):
The strong and durable quality of hemp fibre is well known, leading to a number of textile applications. Hemp oil bears features that make it a very attractive ingredient in the cosmetics industry, as well.
Now, thanks to a growing body of research, the nutritional value of hemp seeds is also being proven, adding yet another dimension to the crop’s tremendous value-added potential.
The Canadian Hemp Trade Alliance (CHTA) is spearheading a comprehensive research and market development program, the goal of which is to sustain the industry’s current rapid growth by establishing and disseminating science-based information about the crop’s dietary attributes.
“We’re tracking retail sales of hemp products, and overall, the markets here and in the United States have been growing consistently by about 30 per cent per year since 2001,” said Gero Leson, an environmental scientist and consultant.
The CHTA received some help in its efforts through the Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture’s Agriculture Development Fund (ADF), which provided funding towards one of the organization’s research initiatives looking at the nutritional characteristics of hemp seeds.
Leson served as a principal investigator for the project. “The ADF project focused on the fatty acid composition of hemp oil, as well as select micro-nutrients, mainly the relevant minerals and vitamins,” he said.
The research analyzed a number of samples covering the four commercially relevant hemp varieties grown in Canada and one emerging variety.
According to Leson, the study produced very promising results.
“The first finding was that hemp oil offers a highly balanced fatty acid spectrum, particularly its content of omega-3 fatty acids. It’s the balance between omega-3 and omega-6 that makes hemp oil unique and particularly attractive compared to other crops,” he said.
“It’s also the presence of two ‘higher’ omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids not commonly present in other natural oilseeds that adds another good quality.”
Another major finding from the research was that hemp seeds offer a veritable bonanza of nutrients in which the common North American diet often falls short.
The product is a very good source of several minerals, including phosphorous, magnesium, manganese and iron, and a good source of potassium and zinc.
Hemp seeds are also good sources of vitamin B1 and folic acid.
Companion studies co-ordinated by the CHTA have likewise found that hemp protein is very balanced and easily digestible, further enhancing its nutritional characteristics and because of these qualities, Leson says hemp stacks up quite well in comparative studies with other nuts and oilseeds.
“Hemp is just a little more of a powerhouse,” he stated. “It’s higher in most of the relevant nutrients, and its protein quality is higher in general.”
Given what he has seen from the crop, Leson feels hemp offers excellent value-added opportunity for the agricultural community.
“I really believe there is great potential in foods because the nutritional composition is just so much in line with a couple of the major trends in nutritional science,” he said.
“The one concern would be that competition for acreage with other crops and rising prices in hemp seeds may put a little dent into those prospects, but I guess that’s the same for a number of other commodities. Overall, I think our work is showing that there is very nice potential for the crop to grow.”
The fact that commercial hemp farming remains illegal in the United States gives Canada a real leg up to cash in on that potential, Leson adds.
“We think that hemp, as part of a rotation, is going to provide economic benefit and agronomic benefit. It’s a niche crop, but one that can be quite profitable, and also help improve soil health in the long run,” he said.
For more information
A copy of the ADF project • Validating and Disseminating the Presence of Micro-Nutrients in Hemp Food Commodities, #20040612, can be obtained by phoning the Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture at (306) 787-5929.
It is also available at • www.agriculture.gov.sk.ca, under the “Research” link.
This author of this article uses some flip, offhand comments that contain some big misconceptions about medical marijuana use. And why must every medical marijuana article show some patient toking from a pipe or joint? I'm a medical marijuana patient, and I do not smoke it. Smoking marijuana produces harmful byproducts and has ill side effects for the lungs. I make a cannabis butter or use a vaporizer. Also, one need not get "wasted" to get benefits from medical marijuana. Typically, I get nor more of a buzz than I would from a glass or two of wine. This puts cannabis in league with many prescription medications as to its safety and effectiveness. It's time to move this debate into a more rational realm of conversation.
Thanks for your perspective, Daniel. You can see by the comments, this topic generates a lot of heat.
Daniel, that is a vaporizer in the photograph.
Long-term marijuana worsens all of the conditions it is being used to medicate.
Perhaps that is why short-terms studies get all the media coverage (for example, the work of Dr. Abrams in SF showing no viral increases in marijuana treated AIDS patients) while the long-term evidence showing high-level harm (e.g. Eid. 2005) are never mentioned.
The reversal of benefits is similar for the tonically under-aroused 'no fear' at-risk population (the mirrow opposites of the traditionally over-aroused alcohol/depressant dependent person) who get 'magic cures' initially for their life-strong struggles with what G. Greene originally called 'boredom- the rush of brain flood flow, cortisol/adrenaline boost/ and so on. Then it turns on them. It wouldn't matter if this was pot; instead we are talking about a highly relapsing hard drug, but it is the physically depressed and impulsive young consumers who are least likely to succeed. More than one asthma death has occurred after individuals came to terms with the bronchoconstriction that occurs with dependence and then could not cut back.
How is it that tiny Ireland can get the real relationships between MS and high-stimulant marijuana right (Claire Collins and c) (as well as epilepsy) but Americans know nothing about what their own medical research shows? How is it that no mainstream media covered the press conference in August 2007 at Harvard Med School around the links from even low dose THC to risk for Kaposi's Sarcoma in HIV/AIDS patients? If there were accumulating evidence that nicotine has toxic brain impacts on early smokers wouldn't there be media coverage (Long Island Jewish Healthcare 2005; North American Radiological Society, 2005,2007)? When legal liability law websites start posting the ongoing evidence around harm to HEP C patients using marijuana (2001-8), particularly those with co-existing HIV/AIDS, look out. A NM legislator who received my paper "Betraying the Vulnerable" in 2005 observed privately: "Anyone who sees this would know immediately the truth is not being told". Liability looms, but it will be the serotonin path to lethal suicide that will set it off. How about a bet with me? Or a public debate about whether the priority should be telling the truth to the vulnerable -- those least likely to make it into the lifeboats in this technological storm we are not halfway through -- or debating the benefits of good bud for the ill.
Lest you think I have criminal mind here, be aware I have never yet met a non-violent consumer of any drug for whom I did not develop great respect.
And I have long gone to courts on my own time and gas to fight for discharges for individuals facing "simple possession" even though those charges invariably began as trafficking and were part of other police issues.
Respectfully, dun smyth
Mr. Dunbar Smyth, as you insist on continuing to post comments across the internet...
Google "Pope Had `Prophecy’ of Market Collapse in 1985"
Lex Lowther's Blog, you made a comment to which the blog owner replied.
"I usually kill off posts like this as they generally serve no purpose but I thought I’d share it so as to see some of the craziness that hits the comment section of this blog."
"Havocscope pros and cons of medical marijuana"
On that blog, you made a nearly identical argument as you have here.
Do you think it is appropriate to cherry pick references and then proceed to cite them in such a way that nobody can find them? Even the ones that can be found have been challenged by other researchers (e.g. Malik and D'Souza, 2006, try to find that one).
There are not many other examples of your posts on blogs to show here as your posts are usually deleted.
My perpsectives on today's marijuana derive from a promise made to three young adults six years ago all struggling with undeserved guilt around the asthma-related death of a senior peer while they would doing bong hits together. That promise was that I would do everything I could to ensure the truth about our "wondrous substance" be told. My references are from papers I have written not pulled off an internet search. I previously demonstrated declines in school system substance use and dependency rates that are unique through targeting local classroom initiatives to the expectancies and risk factors for drugs in a local classroom. I am the author of a major study of world treatment outcomes. I have devoted three decades of life to tireless efforts to assist drug involved individuals in cross-cultural settings, and I think you need to get yourself some credentials, Fred, if only in identifying your "search" sources.
dunbar smyth, M.A., M. Phil.
dun smyth
Dunbar smyth, the only reference I can find to your paper "Betraying the Vulnerable" are other blog comments you have made about your own paper.
In questioning my credentials while boasting of your own, you are arguing from authority which is one of the most basic logical fallacies. If you merely stick to the substance of your argument and properly cite references, your argument will not be read as fallacious.
No offense is intended here. I am genuinely interested in your argument. I have simply read too many false comments, blog posts, wikipedia articles, and web pages to take yours at face value. Fallacious arguments are normally backed up with supposed Master's thesis and PhD credentials in lieu of properly cited peer-reviewed publications. Your posts closely match other examples of academic dishonesty published on the internet. You need to explicitly make your case if you want the masses to take you seriously.
KEY EXCERPTS FROM THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS RECENT PAPER ON MEDICAL CANNABIS
“A CLEAR DISCORD [capitals added] exists between the scientific community and federal legal and regulatory agencies [FDA, DEA and HH&S] over the medicinal value of marijuana, which impedes the expansion of research.”
“Given marijuana’s PROVEN EFFICACY [capitals added] at treating certain symptoms and its relatively low toxicity, reclassification would reduce barriers to research and increase availability of cannabinoid drugs to patients who have failed to respond to other treatments.”
“Evidence not only supports the use of medical marijuana in certain conditions but also suggests numerous indications for cannabinoids…”
MARIJUANA'S MEDICAL USES
“Anecdotal, survey and clinical trial data suggest that smoked marijuana and oral THC provide relief of spasticity, pain and tremor in some patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), spinal cord injuries or other trauma.”
“Current available data suggest numerous indications for cannabinoids, especially antiemesis, appetite stimulation, and pain relief.”
“Clinical trials have demonstrated that both oral and smoked marijuana stimulate appetite, increase caloric intake and result in weight gain among patients experiencing HIV wasting.”
“For patients with AIDS or those undergoing chemotherapy, who suffer severe pain, nausea and appetite loss, cannabinoid drugs may provide symptom relief not found in any other medication.”
“Studies of chemotherapy patients with nausea and vomiting found THC to be equivalent or superior to other antiemetics (including prochloperazine or metoclopramide) for symptom reduction.”
“Research suggests that cannabinoids may have synergistic effects that may indicate its use as an adjunctive therapy to both antiemetics for nausea and vomiting and opioids for pain relief.”
DISADVANTAGES OF ORAL THC (Marinol®)
“While useful for some, these drugs have serious limitations. The oral route of administration hampers the effectiveness of THC because of slow absorption. In addition, for patients with severe nausea and vomiting, for whom oral THC is indicated, swallowing a pill may not be feasible.”
“The oral, synthetic THC has low and variable bioavailability. Oral THC is slow in onset of action but produces more pronounced, and often unfavorable, psychoactive effects that last much longer than those experienced with smoking. On the other hand, smoked THC is quickly absorbed into the blood and effects experienced immediately. Studies have found that patients prefer the immediate effect on symptoms that occurs after smoking marijuana.”
VAPORIZATION ANSWERS CONCERNS REGARDING SMOKING
“The development of a vapor route for THC delivery offers promise for the future of medical marijuana research. A recent study found that THC administered through the Volcano vaporizer resulted in higher plasma THC levels compared to smoked marijuana at both 30 and 60 minutes post administration. It also found that exhaled carbon monoxide increased very little after vapor compared with smoking. ... Vaporization of THC offers the rapid onset of symptom relief without the negative effects from smoking. It allows patients to self regulate their dosage immediately by ceasing inhalation when or if psychoactive effects become unpleasant.”
PROTECTING PATIENTS AND SCIENCE
"The science on medical marijuana should not be obscured or hindered by the debate surrounding the legalization of marijuana for general use.”
“ACP strongly urges protection from criminal or civil penalties for patients who use medical marijuana as permitted under state laws.”
“ACP urges review of marijuana's status as a Schedule I controlled substance and reclassification into a more appropriate schedule, given the scientific evidence regarding marijuana’s safety and efficacy...”
“ACP strongly urges protection from criminal or civil penalties for patients who use medical marijuana as permitted under state laws.” [END OF ACP excerpts]
The American College of Physicians (ACP) is the largest medical specialty in the U.S., representing 124,000 members specializing in internal medicine and related subspecialties, including cardiology, neurology, pulmonary disease, oncology and infectious diseases.
The ACP publishes "Annals of Internal Medicine," the most widely cited medical specialty journal in the world. To track the ACP's whole Feb 2008 position paper on Medical Cannabis, Google the following (without quotes):
"ACP News - American College of Physician - Supporting Research into the Therapeutic Role of Marijuana"
EndtheLies.
NEW EPIDEMIOLOGICAL RESEARCH ILLUSTRATES CANNABIS USE NOT ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED RISK FOR PEOPLE WITH HIV (REAL SCIENCE - NOT FEAR MONGERING)
According to an analysis of data from the US Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) between 1984 and 2002 the use of cannabis was not associated with an increased risk for the development of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). Among the 1335 white men with HIV, who were also infected with Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus (HHV-8), 401 KS cases were identified.
The effects of several drugs were examined. There was no association between the development of Kaposi's sarcoma and cannabis use.
Researches concluded that "these findings do not support a biological association between use of these substances and KS development in HIV- and HHV-8-coinfected homosexual men."
In 2007 experimental research with cells had found that the presence of THC in low concentrations, which are found in medical users of THC and cannabis, increased the infection with Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus in endothelial cells. THC, in a dose-dependent manner, also promoted other steps that lead to the development of Kaposi's sarcoma, a type of cancer mainly found in AIDS patients.
Scientists called for epidemiological research to clarify the safety of the medical use of THC in these patients.
(Source: Chao C, Jacobson LP, Jenkins FJ, Tashkin D, Martínez-Maza O, Roth MD, Ng L, Margolick JB, Chmiel JS, Zhang ZF, Detels R. "Recreational Drug Use and Risk of Kaposi's Sarcoma in HIV- and HHV-8-Coinfected Homosexual Men. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2008 Dec 24.
1 Department of Epidemiology and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Los Angeles , Los Angeles, California 90095., 2 Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland 21205., 3 Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213., 4 Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles , Los Angeles, California 90095., 5 Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA , Los Angeles, California 90095., 6 Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland 21205., 7 Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago, Illinois 60611.)
LAST HEADLINE SHOULD'VE BEEN (sorry):
"CANNABIS USE NOT ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED RISK FOR KARPOSI'S SARCOMA IN PEOPLE WITH HIV."
EndtheLies.
Dunbar Smyth, see how Marika B disclosed sources? No lofty talk about credentials, intentions, promises to unknown people, unverifiable private observations, or any other fraud.
I suppose you have moved to another place to talk about your supposed research by now. I'll see you there.
well so far...I wish it was legal, I enjoy smoking it, and yes It does help me..but not everyone feels the same.. and then alot of people do....peace
i agree with fred. the majority of what was said by Smyth was just bragging about his papers. i liked how he stated that his refrences are from his papers instead of the off an internet search. so hes basically saying that hes right because he is using his own papers which he wrote out of his own knowledge. and it appears that his knowledge on the subject consists of a few studies on weed having the opposite effect its supposed to, which might i add sound bogus, and knowing some kid who did because he had asthma.
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