The following information has been compiled from the Reproductive Health Outlook Website, http://ww.rho.org, the National Cervical Cancer Coalition http:// www.nccc-online.org., and the CDC, http:// www.cdc.gov.
Each year 12,000 women in the U.S. get cervical cancer. Cervical cancer is still the third most common cancer overall and the leading cause of death from cancer among women in developing countries, claiming some 200,000 women each year. At least 370,000 new cases are identified each year and 80% of those are in developing countries. This is due to the lack of screening programs and the ability to treat patients, when they have precancerous conditions, such as dysplasia. Dysplasia occurs when there is an appearance of abnormal cells of the surface of the cervix, which is the lowest part of the uterus. It can be graded as mild, moderate or severe and it is considered a precursor to cervical cancer.
A vast majority of cervical cancer cases are caused by HPV (human papillmoa virus), a sexually transmitted agent, also known as genital warts. Although it is known as genital warts, it has been known to spread to the mouth, throat, and anus, causing cancerous changes in those areas as well. Other cancers caused by the HPV virus are: vulvar, vaginal, penile, esophageal, anal, head & neck.
So, how can people prevent HPV, thereby reducing one’s chances of these abovementioned cancers? Women can get the Cervarix vaccine and both men and women can get the Gardasil vaccine. The Gardasil vaccine protects against most genital warts in men and women and is usually covered by most insurance plans. Even if you are not in the age group covered by your insurance, talk to your doctor about getting the vaccines anyway. It may be that the study groups that promoted the vaccine just did not test your age group, but the vaccine would be just as beneficial for you, if you are at high risk.
Remembering to get regular, yearly, Pap tests and a HPV DNA test (in some cases) to act as a preventive measure to check for any changes in the cells on the cervix.
Use condoms to prevent the spread of any sexually transmitted diseases. Although not 100% effective, when used correctly, the condom helps to prevent the topical spread of any sexually transmitted diseases. Female condoms, although not as popular, cover more surface area than does the male condom and, therefore, will provide more of a barrier for all STDs, HPV included.
Choosing to stay in a monogamous relationship with someone you trust may help to lower your chances of exposure to HPV and other sexually transmitted diseases; however, abstinence is the only way to insure no exposure to any STDs.
The biggest concern, here in America, is getting the preventative measures needed to fight cervical cancer. In Durham County, the Durham County Health Department offers free clinic days for anyone who qualifies. The program is called the Adult Health: Breast and Cervical Cancer Control and it is described as providing an annual physical exam that includes a pap smear test and mammogram at no cost to women who are eligible. The exam includes screening for blood pressure, obesity, diabetes, and provides additional free diagnostic testing and treatment for STDs. Women 40-64 years of age not covered by Medicare or Medicaid and have little or no insurance. Proof of income is required. No fee. Durham Co. Health Department, Tuesday-Thursday 8:30A-11A and 1-4P, 919-560-7658.
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