Without getting into a deep and complicated discussion of astrology, there are basic meanings to the Planets that everyone should know-- which deities are associated with them, which colors, which days of the week, and which ideas. They were laid down ages ago when people thought the Earth was the center of the universe, and non-planets like the Sun and Moon are included, but even though that idea no longer stands, their meanings still have a metaphysical use that pagans can take advantage of in spellwork and ritualwork.

Sun: Bright, strong, the center of the solar system, the Sun represents will, life force, extroversion, the source of all energy, masculinity in its purest form, nobility, management, control, ego / egotism, the place from which you direct all parts of your life, the center, the source, the heart, the circulatory system, decision-making, action, the Higher Self, fire, sunstones, sunflowers and other yellow or ornage flowers, the colors gold, yellow and blinding white.

Deities of the Sun include: Amaterasu - Japan, Apollo - Greece and Rome, Freyr - Norse, Garuda - Hindu, Helios - Greece, Huitzilopochtli - Aztec, Inti - Inca, Liza - West African, Lugh - Celtic, Mithras - Persia, Ra - Egypt, Sol / Sunna - Norse, Sol Invictus - late Roman, Surya - Hindu, Shamash - Mesopotamia.

Moon: Softer, ruler of the night, and lit by reflecting light, the Moon represents your emotional life, femininity, the unconscious and subconscious, introversion, nurturing, healing, water, regulation through rhythms, cycles, birth-death-rebirth, light in the dark, sympathy, moodiness, needs and feelings, personality, emotional responses based on past experience, memory, fertility, childbirth, past lives, mysticism, moonflowers, white flowers, night-blooming flowers, moonstones, pearls, mother of pearl, the colors white, silver and palest blue, .

Deities associated with the Moon include: Artemis - Greece, Bendis - Thracian, Ceridwen - Celtic, Coyolxauhqui - Aztec, Diana - Roman, Hekate - Greek, Heng-O - Chinese, Ix Chel - Maya, Khonsu - Egyptian, Luna - Roman, Mawu - African, Selene - Greeke, Soma - Hindu, Thoth - Egyptian, Tsuki-Yomi - Japanese. 

Mercury: The fastest of the planets, and the smallest of those still officially planets, Mercury represents intellect, the functioning mind, communication, thought and it's processes, learning, synthesis and analysis, the exchange of ideas, the mind, movement and motion, hearing, truth, knowing and seeing with your own eyes, emeralds, brown or blue, smaller flames and lights, corylus and millefoil, Gemini and Virgo.

Deities associated with Mercury include: Hermes - Greek, Mercury - Roman.

Venus: Next our from the Sun and brightest in our sky, Venus represents: love, relating to others, desire / the nature of desire, close partnerships, marriage, Taurus and Libra, creating, wanting, harmonizing, beauty and art, appreciation of the physical world, compassion, responsiveness and attention, responding to life and finding yourself in those responses, olives, pines, lilies, roses, light blue, light green, white, diamonds.

Deities associated with Venus include: Inanna - Sumerian, Ishtar - Akkadian, Venus - Greek, Lucifer - Roman.

Earth: Our birthplace and our Mother in many branches of modern Paganism, Earth represents: the center, home, the heart of meaning, oneness, childbirth, all stones, all flowers, dirt, green, brown, the spaces where we live, where we come from, grounding, life itself.

Deities associated with the Earth include: Atum - Egyptian, Asase Ya - Ashanti, Caillech - Scottish, Celu - Etruscan, Ceres - Roman, Demeter - Greek, Dhara - Hindu, Gaia - Greek, Geb - Egyptian, Hou Tu - Chinese, Ki - Sumerian, Ninhursag - Sumerian, Obatala - African, Pachamamma - Andean, Poseidon - Greek (earthquakes), Terra - Roman, Tezcatlipoca - Aztec, Veles - Slavic, Zempat - Prussian

Mars: The Red Planet represents: active energy, getting what we want and how we do it, war, blood, anger, masculinity, Aries and Scorpio, justice, energy, violence, action, work, the body, pepper, ginger, mustard, bitter herbs, sharp poisons, dragonsblood, nettles, bloodstones, orange and red stones, coral, the protection of agriculture, defense of the home, military action.

Deities associated with Mars include: Aries - Greek, Mars - Roman.

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