UC Davis receives $1 milllion NIH grant to improve health of local Native Americans

UC Davis School of Medicine researchers will train Native American communities in Northern California to develop and implement culturally appropriate interventions to improve their health by decreasing obesity and type-2 diabetes, through a $1 million research grant from the National Institute of Diabetes and Kidney Diseases of the National Institutes of Health, according to an August 9, 2010 UC Davis news release, " UC Davis researchers received a $1 million NIH grant to improve health in Northern California Native American communities."

The communities include the Round Valley Indian Tribes of Covelo, Calif., Mendocino County, and communities served by Northern Valley Indian Health, Inc., which include Glenn County and portions of Butte, Tehama and Colusa counties.

“This will be a unique situation in which university health researchers will collaborate with community members to teach them how to perform research on their own communities, to ensure that the research is culturally appropriate, acceptable and helpful,” said Dennis Styne, study principal investigator and the Yocha Dehe Endowed Chair in Pediatric Endocrinology.

“Community members will collect data about their community’s health habits to, for example, learn what kinds of healthy foods and exercise resources are most helpful, and select and design the most effective interventions,” Styne said, according to today's news release.

Over one-third of all American Indian adults nationwide are obese, compared with about 22 percent of non-Hispanic whites. Among the Native American communities participating in the study, nearly 68 percent of adults are obese and 24 percent of children between 2 and 5 years old have body mass indexes in the 95th percentile for their ages.

Obesity is associated with type-2 diabetes, which can result in heart and kidney disease, nerve damage and blindness and lead to premature death. The condition has been described as a “disease of disparity,” disproportionately affecting low-income and ethnic minority populations.

American Indians are 2.6 times as likely to be diagnosed with diabetes as non-Hispanic whites. Nationwide, the number of Native Americans diagnosed with diabetes doubled between 1991 and 2001. In the Round Valley and Northern Valley Native American communities, 11 percent are affected by type-2 diabetes.

“The Native American community is disproportionately affected by diabetes and heart disease, hypertension, lipid problems and other diseases of disparity,” Styne said. “They are aware of the importance of the conditions and are committed to working to turn the tide.”

Styne said that the two-year research initiative will train community members as research associates in the use of community-based and community-governed participatory research techniques, to ensure engagement in improving their health. The UC Davis researchers will work collaboratively with two established community-health centers that serve the Native American communities, the Round Valley Indian Health Center and Northern Valley Indian Health, Inc., with the full support of their boards of directors.

Partners at Round Valley will include Edward Whipple, outreach prevention coordinator at Round Valley Unified School District, fitness and health instructor at Mendocino Community College and an enrolled member of the Round Valley tribe; and Diann Simmons, a consultant with the Round Valley Sustainability Program. At Northern Valley Indian Health, UC Davis will partner with Vicki Shively, a nurse and member of the Choctaw Nation who has served for seven years as the center’s community health director.

The study’s co-investigators will be: Valarie Blue Bird Jernigan, training director of community-based participatory research for the project and a member of the Choctow Nation who is a senior research fellow at the University of Washington and a visiting assistant researcher at UC Davis; Diana Cassady, associate professor of public health sciences, who will collaborate on evaluation of the FitKid and FitTeen programs in Round Valley schools; and  Karen Jetter, assistant research economist at the Agricultural Issues Center at UC Davis, who will direct training in socioeconomic survey methods.

An important aspect of the research — and a longtime goal for Styne and his partners —  is development of a Northern California Institutional Review Board, the Nor Cal Tribal Institutional Review Board, to review and approve research projects identified by these communities. This work will be supported by the UC Davis Health System Institutional Review Board.

Another important feature of the partnership will be the use of telemedicine through the UC Davis Center for Health and Technology, which uses real-time video conferencing to provide education and group interaction as well as specialist and subspecialist consultation for patients and physicians in remote rural areas throughout the state. James Marcin, professor of pediatrics and director of the UC Davis Pediatric Telemedicine Program, will direct this work.

“Tribal communities across California have been involved in various studies for decades, but lack of involvement in the planning of studies and the transient presence of researchers often has led to distrust of health research among some members of the American Indian community,” Styne said. The direct involvement of community members in the future research should help to overcome this tendency and foster improvement in their health, he said.

Styne’s commitment to improving health for Northern California Native American communities stretches back more than 15 years, including seven years with the Round Valley and Northern Valley communities. He has helped Native American communities implement a variety of health-care intervention programs, including the Fit Kid and Fit Teen pediatric obesity programs developed for children at UC Davis and adapted for the Indian community.

“I realized long ago that childhood obesity was going to cause major problems for Native American communities and was able to discuss this with the Yocha Dehe Wintun Nation (previously known as the Rumsey Band of Wintun Indians),” Styne said. “They had the foresight to recognize how important this issue was for their community and started supporting our work with annual gifts and then with the endowment of the Yocha Dehe Endowed Chair in Pediatric Endocrinology to ensure its continuation long into the future.”

Styne said the Fit Kid program has been introduced into the Round Valley school system and now is a part of science class in the 6th grade. “The community members have said that the programs that we have worked on together have definitely enhanced their quality of life and their health,” he said.

The UC Davis School of Medicine is among the nation's leading medical schools, recognized for its research and primary-care programs. The school offers fully accredited master's degree programs in public health and in informatics, and its combined M.D.-Ph.D. program is training the next generation of physician-scientists to conduct high-impact research and translate discoveries into better clinical care.

Along with being a recognized leader in medical research, the school is committed to serving underserved communities and advancing rural health. For more information, visit UC Davis School of Medicine.

Research also Focuses on the Relationship Between Disease and Diet

You don't have to look further in Sacramento than the various nutrition-oriented centers of research at UC Davis. When some people think of studying nutrition, they might associate the field more with the home economics major at a state university or a major in consumer science or family economics. But nutrition is a science and focused on research. Take the three nutritional research centers at UC Davis that studies the topic from all angles through scientific research.

According to the article, "Nutrition Research from All Angles," at the UC Davis website, the emphasis in nutrition is on defining the relationship between diet and disease.

Defining the relationship between diet and disease

Diet plays a significant role in cancer, heart disease, diabetes and osteoporosis, and may have ties to Alzheimer's disease, eye diseases and the general disability that often accompanies aging. The American Cancer Society estimates that poor diet, along with insufficient exercise, causes one-third of U.S. cancer deaths.

Researchers at UC Davis Health System, often working with other UC Davis campus units, are exploring fascinating and relevant issues in the field of nutrition to discover new and better ways to treat people with a variety of diseases. Some researchers use sophisticated tools such as microarray technology or accelerator mass spectrometry to help pinpoint the role of nutrients in optimizing health. Others go right into local grocery stores and homes to find out what is available and what will help people choose the right foods.

You can see how working with mass spectrometry is basically a science, that is scientific research done by scientists in a laboratory. It's not about teaching home economics classes in public schools--such as sewing and cooking that used to be offered as a major together with nutrition at state colleges in the past. No, it's a health-related science focusing on research. Let's look at the UC Davis research centers emphasizing the science of nutrition.

A number of key research centers at UC Davis facilitate the successful collaborations in nutrition studies, including:

The Clinical Nutrition Research Unit, which brings together independent and collaborative nutrition research of 50 funded UC Davis faculty investigators from the School of Medicine, the College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, the School of Veterinary Medicine and the Division of Biological Sciences. One of 10 such units funded by the National Institutes of Health nationwide, the research unit provides laboratories, visiting professorships and grants for new faculty members.

The USDA Western Human Nutrition Research Center, which will soon have a new fully equipped 49,000-square-foot home on the UC Davis campus next to the Genome and Biomedical Sciences Building and the School of Medicine's Tupper Hall that houses its basic sciences departments. The new location will enhance interactions and collaborations among the USDA center and the clinical nutrition research unit's administrative core, nutritional assessment core, and molecular biology and genetics subcores.

The National Center of Excellence in Nutritional Genomics at UC Davis, which is supported in part by a $6.5 million grant from the National Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities. The center focuses researchers' efforts on the study of "nutrigenomics" — how foods interact with particular genes to increase the risk of certain diseases.

As reported on the nutrition department's website, "We are a research university without walls," says Judith Stern, professor in the Departments of Nutrition and Internal Medicine and in the Division of Endocrinology, Clinical Nutrition and Vascular Medicine. She has published numerous nutrition studies in collaboration with clinicians and researchers throughout UC Davis.

"Colleagues are always enthusiastically willing to get involved, and this makes my research better," she says. "Maybe it's because we started as a college of agriculture — and together we raised the barn."

At UC Davis Health System, research on nutrition comes from all angles. The research overviews, according to the UC Davis website, demonstrates the breadth and depth of investigation into the relationship between diet and disease.

When you have medicine and nutrition working closely as it is at the UC Davis university "without walls," you can see that a career in nutrition is based on research, medicine, and science. It's not to be confused with culinary arts or home economics, although both fields do play a role in nutrition research to make this science a field without walls. You have the field of nutrigenomics, still in its infancy as a science, but with research continuing. Then you have the fields of clinical human nutrition and nutrition research.

And also you have the Nutrition Research center next to the Genome and Biomedical Sciences building. That way, if you're training to be a metabolic and genetic dietitian, you can combine the science of nutrition with nutritional genomics along with clinical nutrition to become a well-rounded scientist focused on research. Add to that studies in ethnic nutrition and health and related sciences.

Basically, the field of nutrition is growing in breadth more into the sciences and research. Defining the relationship between diet and disease is where current research is heading.