The ear infection (Otitis) is one of the most common conditions seen in general veterinary practices. It can range from mild to severe and is usually dependent on how far the infection extends into the ear canal.
Below are some signs that may indicate that your pet has an ear infection:
- Head shaking
- Rubbing side of head along the floor
- Swollen pinna (ear flap)
- Reluctance to be touched around the ears – indicating pain
- Odor
- Redness
- Brown or yellow waxy discharge with odor
- Matting or loss of hair with crusting around the exterior of the ear or base of the ear
- Loss of balance and head tilt
- Unusual eye movements
Floppy ears, excessive hair growth and overproduction of waxy (cerumen) in the ear canal provide the ideal environment to trap moisture and allow overgrowth of bacteria and yeast. Breeds that possess these traits are often predisposed to recurrent infections (e.g. Poodles, Labradors, Spaniels, Hounds).
The most common causes are yeast, bacteria and mites. These organisms require moisture and warmth to multiply and the ear is the perfect incubator.
Food allergies and Hypothyroidism are medical conditions that can also be underlying causes of ear infections. An ear examination with an Otoscope (light source with conical attachment) will determine whether your pet has this problem. A sample from the ear may be examined microscopically to determine the appropriate topical medication to use.
Oral medications are prescribed to treat deeper infections, and in some cases of severe and recurrent infections, a yeast and bacterial culture is required to determine the most effective treatment. The patient will often require rechecking in 2-3 weeks after starting treatment to ensure that the infection is clearing up. Medications may also be changed at this time. It is important to schedule and keep follow-up appointments with your vet. Never self diagnose and medicate your pet without seeing a veterinarian first.
Regular and proper ear cleaning may be recommended if your pet is prone to recurrent ear infections. Be sure to have your vet demonstrate the correct cleaning technique. Some breeds with excessive ear canal hair growth will require regular plucking by a veterinary technician or groomer.
Some over-the-counter ear cleaners may be ineffective or too harsh for your pet, so again check with your veterinary hospital or house call veterinarian. He or she will be able to advise you on the correct treatment and veterinary dermatological products that will be the most effective with the least side-effects.
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